LETTERS TO NATURE Effects of gamete traits on fertilization in the sea and the evolution of sexual dimorphism
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Gamete Release and Spawning Behavior in Broadcast Spawning Marine Invertebrates
The release of eggs and sperm into the environment for external fertilization is common (Giese & Kanatani 1987) and thought to be the ancestral mating strategy (Wray 1995). Most phyla have at least some species that release sperm into the environment (free spawning or spermcasting) and a majority have representatives that also release eggs (broadcast spawning) for external fertilization (Levita...
متن کاملGamete traits influence the variance in reproductive success, the intensity of sexual selection, and the outcome of sexual conflict among congeneric sea urchins.
Sea-urchin species differ in susceptibility to sperm limitation and polyspermy, but the influences of gamete traits on reproductive variance, sexual selection, and sexual conflict are unknown. I compared male and female reproductive success of two congeners at natural densities in the sea. The eggs of the species occurring at higher densities, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, require higher sperm...
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Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 is considered as one of the non-native and invasive species in the inland waters of Iran. This species occurs in most inland basins and aquatic bodies of Iran and has even been found in brackish waters. Extensive adaptations of this species to its different habitats caused numerous changes in its biological characteristics and morphological traits. The present st...
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Finger length ratios are organized during embryonic development of fingers as they exposed to sex steroid hormones, and may show varying degrees of sexual dimorphism between males and females in different animal groups. Among all the finger length ratios calculated in a sample, the ratio between the second to fourth fingers (2D: 4D) is the most important one. In this study, the 2D:4D ratios in ...
متن کاملThe risk of polyspermy in three congeneric sea urchins and its implications for gametic incompatibility and reproductive isolation.
Developmental failure caused by excess sperm (polyspermy) is thought to be an important mechanism driving the evolution of gamete-recognition proteins, reproductive isolation, and speciation in marine organisms. However, these theories assume that there is heritable variation in the susceptibility to polyspermy and that this variation is related to the overall affinity between sperm and eggs. T...
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